How To Identify And Defragment Fragmented SQL Indexes

Fragmented SQL indexes can cause of number of issues in a GlobalSearch database, including:

Searching index values is slow or unresponsive.
Inability to Add/Edit Fields.
Opening a document is slow.
Results not displaying in GlobalSearch.

The following scripts can be used to identify and defragment any SQL indexes that might be causing database slowdown. This script can be put into a batch file and run as a scheduled task, run manually or as a stored procedure.

WARNING

It is highly recommended to take backups before performing any SQL operations. Failure to perform proper backups may result in permanent data loss.

Identifying Fragmented Indexes

Locate Fragmented Indexes Script

SQL

SELECT
B.name AS TableName
, C.name AS IndexName
, C.fill_factor AS IndexFillFactor
, D.ROWS AS RowsCount
, A.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
, A.page_count
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(),NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL) A
INNER JOIN sys.objects B
ON A.OBJECT_ID = B.OBJECT_ID
INNER JOIN sys.indexes C
ON B.OBJECT_ID = C.OBJECT_ID AND A.index_id = C.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.partitions D
ON B.OBJECT_ID = D.OBJECT_ID AND A.index_id = D.index_id
WHERE C.index_id > 0
and A.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >15
ORDER BY TABLENAME

The above script will return a table-set of indexes and list their row count and average fragmentation. Any fragmented indexes with over 15% fragmentation will appear here. If no results are returned it may be because you are running the script against the wrong SQL database or that there are no indexes with fragmentation above 15%. To test this you can comment out (or remove completely) the line second from the bottom with two minus signs (--). This line is the filter to show only those indexes with fragmentation above 15%, removing it will show all of the results. To change the database that you are running the script against (in SSMS) use the dropdown in the tool bar to select the correct SQL database.

Don’t be scared if you see some high numbers – sometimes tables with only a couple hundred rows can return high fragmentation. This shouldn’t be considered too problematic. If however, you see indexes with thousands of rows coming back as highly fragmented (50% or higher) it may be worth running a defragmentation. To do that, you can run the script below:

The following script loops through the tables using a SQL cursor to rebuild the indexes, reducing the fragmentation on affected tables.

Defragmenting Fragmented Indexes

WARNING

The following scripts may cause SQL performance degradation. Consider running when the server is not in use.

Below are two scripts that can be used to defragment SQL indexes. After running either script, it is recommended you run the "Locate Fragmented Indexes Script" once again to see if you’ve lessened the fragmentation. Continue to do this until you see fragmentation go away entirely or until larger indexes are showing minimal fragmentation. It may never completely go away, but lessening index fragmentation can definitely help speed up a database and make things run a little smoother.

Method 1 (recommended): Rebuild or Reorganize Indexes Based on Amount Fragmented

SQL

--Specify DB, index rebuild FillFactor, and the number of passes you want to perform
USE [DBName]

DECLARE @FillFactor int = 80
DECLARE @MaxPasses int = 3


--Set up variables
DECLARE	@IndexName		NVARCHAR(max),
		@TableName		NVARCHAR(max),
		@FragPercent	INT,
		@Query			NVARCHAR(max),
		@PassCount		INT = 0,
		@DebugMsg		NVARCHAR(max)

--Set up cursor
DECLARE IndexCursor CURSOR FOR

SELECT
B.[name] AS [TableName],
C.[name] AS [IndexName],
A.[avg_fragmentation_in_percent] AS [FragPercent]
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(),NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL) A
INNER JOIN sys.objects B
ON A.OBJECT_ID = B.OBJECT_ID
INNER JOIN sys.indexes C
ON B.OBJECT_ID = C.OBJECT_ID AND A.index_id = C.index_id
WHERE C.index_id > 0
and A.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >=10


--Perform rebuild/reorg
WHILE @PassCount < @MaxPasses
BEGIN
		
	SET @PassCount = @PassCount + 1
	SET @DebugMsg = ''
	
	PRINT ('Pass ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@PassCount) + ' start')

	OPEN IndexCursor
	FETCH NEXT FROM IndexCursor INTO @TableName, @IndexName, @FragPercent
	WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
	BEGIN
		SET @Query = 'ALTER INDEX ' + @IndexName + ' ON ' + @TableName
		
		IF @FragPercent >= 50
		BEGIN
			SET @Query = @Query + ' REBUILD WITH (FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@FillFactor) + ')'
			SET @DebugMsg = 'Rebuilding '
		END
		ELSE
		BEGIN
			SET @Query = @Query + ' REORGANIZE'
			SET @DebugMsg = 'Reorganizing '
		END
		
		PRINT('	' + @DebugMsg + @IndexName + ' on ' + @TableName + ' that is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@FragPercent) + '% fragmented')
		EXEC(@Query)

		FETCH NEXT FROM IndexCursor INTO @TableName, @IndexName, @FragPercent
	END
	CLOSE IndexCursor

	PRINT('Pass ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@PassCount) + ' end')

END


DEALLOCATE IndexCursor

Method 2: Rebuild all Indexes in DB

SQL

DECLARE @TableName VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(500)
DECLARE @FILLFACTOR INT
SET @FILLFACTOR = 80
DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME([OBJECT_ID])+'.'+name AS TableName
FROM sys.tables WHERE name NOT IN ('') -- add table names ('ssAudit') that you do not want have the indexes rebuilt on.
OPEN TableCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @SQL = 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ' + @TableName + ' REBUILD WITH (FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@FILLFACTOR) + ')'
EXEC (@SQL)
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE TableCursor
DEALLOCATE TableCursor
GO